Discrimination Based On Gender Discrimination - 973 Words

Discrimination, especially discrimination based on gender, should be looked at through Deontology. This is because discrimination based on gender affects the rights of many, requires duties of other to not discriminate and have respect for others, and can have large consequences. It is important we look at rights, duties, and consequences rather than only evaluate gender discrimination based on its consequences in order to be able to create a way to virtuously handle gender. While gender discrimination can affect men it focuses more strongly on women. Many women today are viewed through stereotypes and stigmatisms of what they should do or how they should act. They are seen by society as weak, inferior, and incapable when compared to men. For instance, it is the stereotype that women should get married at a certain age and stay at home cleaning, cooking, and raising kids rather than be out in the work force. However, women have a right to dream and work towards success just like a man can. They have the right to work, chose to have or not have children, and even have the right to choose not to clean their homes. Just as men have the right to stay at home and cook, raise kids, and clean if they so choose. These decisions do not make men and women less or more of a man or women. Rather they are natural rights that society often looks down on. The consequences of this discrimination is the emotional damage to women and idea that they are not good for anythi ng else, but makingShow MoreRelatedDiscrimination Based On Gender And Gender Discrimination1574 Words   |  7 PagesINTRODUCTION: Gender discrimination, also known as sexism, refers to prejudice or discrimination based on sex and/ or gender, as well as conditions or attitudes that foster stereotypes of social roles based on gender (Women and Gender Discrimination). Sexism is a social injustice that is not applied only to women but, to men as well. Certain personalities and characteristics are expected from both genders starting as children. Little girls are expected to play with dolls, while little boys areRead MoreDiscrimination Based On Race And Gender Essay1625 Words   |  7 PagesIn the mid-1900’s, in the American South, discrimination based on both race and gender was blatantly recognized as socially appropriate, and the attitudes of majority factions with such norms in mind were reflected in numerous instances of public policy. One of such instances was a public policy which enabled a Woolsworth’s in Greensboro, North Carolina, to forbid people of color from sitting at the store’s lunch counter. In response to the oppressive nature of this policy, four black students ignoredRead MoreGender Based Pay And Promotion Discrimination1104 Words   |  5 PagesAlvarez and Moser explore the claims of gender-based pay and promotion discrimination that is fast emerging as the latest challenge for employers seeking to reduce litigation risks. These claims are from recent jury verdicts, pending legislation in Congress, and headline-grabbing court decisions. These court decisions and legislative initiatives raise the specter of a flood of class claims against employers for pay and promotion discrimination. I will use this source for ground for my argument. ItRead MoreGender Based Discrimination And Social Norms1233 Words   |  5 PagesGender-based discrimination and social norms are the most common causes of violence against women. Theoretically, these societal norms that have been in grated to us since childhood lead us to believe that the male gender has the right to do whatever they want while at the same time restrict the female gender from doing the same or condemn or punish them if they fail to obey such stigmas. So far, efforts have only focused on responses and services for survivors; given the devastating effect violenceRead MoreDiscrimination And Judgement Based On Their Gender, Class, And Race937 Words   |  4 Pageswomen still have to face discrimination and judgement based on their gender, class, and race. This population clearly reflects the gaps and limitations of primary health care services today. Adelson (2005) reflects on this circumstance as a absence of control of a comprehensive health care program where there is acceptable conduct of resources that can diminish the bureaucratic unbalance. Maternal care, is defined as the care provided to women at different stages of maternity: prenatal, pregnancyRead MoreDiscrimination Based On Age, Race, Gender, And Sexual Preferences1344 Words   |  6 Pagesencountering strong opposition in Congress. I have been wanting to become a part of this change so I am going to be the one to create a group of grassroots activists. I want to make the difference over this ongoing controversial issue of discrimination based on age, race, gender, and sexual preferences. The current status of the issue concludes mostly with Africans, Hispanics, Muslims, and the LGBT community. As individuals, we have the basic human rights that â€Å"All men are created equal, that they are endowedRead MoreThe Discrimination And Unequal Treatment Of Individuals Based Solely On Their Gender1729 Words   |  7 PagesA very prominent social justice issue, gender inequality, is the discrimination and unequal treatment of individuals based solely on their gender. I t is a major problem all over the world, but it’s effects are especially seen in developing countries with strong, lasting cultural traditions and social regulations that don’t give females the opportunity to be equal members of society. Gender inequality can be expressed in many ways, but one form is child marriage. Child marriage happens because ofRead MoreThe Prevention Of Violence And Discrimination Based On Sexual Orientation And Gender Identity1713 Words   |  7 PagesIssue: The prevention of violence and discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity Student Officer: Sarah Lim Position: Chair of the Social, Humanitarian and Cultural Committee ________________________________________ Introduction: Gender identity and sexual orientation is one of the more stigmatized and marginalized aspects of self-expression for any human in our society today. A state or country with a more liberal take on the expression of gender identity and sexual orientation tendsRead MoreDiscrimination Towards Minority Groups Based On Race, Gender, And Sexual Orientation1313 Words   |  6 PagesDiscrimination towards minority groups based on race, gender, and sexual orientation has existed in our society for decades. Till this day these stereotypes and prejudice towards an individual’s race, sexuality, ethnicity, and background still exist. There are particular barriers such as activities and interactions with people occurring daily, as well as plenty of disadvantages for those from different cultural backgrounds other than white. The term racism comes to mind when an individual draws negativeRead MorePublic School System Of Discrimination Based On Their Gender, Race, Ethnicity, Sexual Preferenc e, Or Age1741 Words   |  7 Pagesa teacher was denied a promotion and accused the public school system of discrimination based on their gender, race, ethnicity, sexual preference, or age. Then, find an example for two different criteria, one for each case. Last, state three reasons that her / his accusation could be legally supported after you identify the supporting case. Research two cases in which a teacher was denied a promotion based on discrimination The first case is EEOC v. Thomasville City Schools, Civil Action No. 1:10-CV-00686

The Patient Protection And Affordable Care Act - 1281 Words

America as a whole is facing a major crisis. This ordeal would be due to a healthcare crisis. This is a very big issue that we the people are faced with. It seems small on a large scale, but economically it is massive. Many established or up and coming countries have the privilege of universal health care coverage. The greatest county to ever govern this world, a view by many nations, cannot seem to execute a plan that will set this action in motion. With rising health care coverage, not even the attempt by the Obama administration with use of â€Å"The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act†, could seem to execute concisely. Through this topic together we are going to explore rising health care cost, The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, as well as the failure of to produce universal health care coverage. In the United States the rates of medical costs are skyrocketing. Even, though this is a wide span issue across many nations. Health care costs are the highest within the U.S. This issue is based upon life expectancy and infant mortality which help to produce the average rates across the board in our country. We as Americans with good health insurance coverage may get the best medical treatment in the world, but we are still below the average of other major industrial countries. the performance of the United States health care system as compared to 191 other countries was ranked 37th. This is according to the World Health Organization’s 2000 report on theShow MoreRelatedThe Patient Protection And Affordable Care Act1057 Words   |  5 PagesMaureen Omondi Patrick Gilbert Govt 2305 5 February 2015 The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act The Patient Protection and Affordable care Act also known as Affordable Care Act, Obama Care and ACA is an act signed into law by the current president of the United States, Barack Obama in March 23, 2010. Beginning in 2014, any failure to purchase minimum coverage will result in a person being fined. Also included in the Act are individual mandate requirements, expanding public programs, healthRead MoreThe Patient Protection And Affordable Care Act Essay1418 Words   |  6 PagesUnderserved Communities: PPACA Tashia Lee Health/Public Policy (HLTH225-1604A-01) Abstract The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act was designed to expand insurance coverage for all of those that are uninsured. Also the Act was put into place to reduce the cost of health care. The morbidity and mortality rates in the United States have decreased since the Act was in place in 2010. The Act is also helping the goals of Healthy People 2020 that was implemented, but there is still more improvementsRead MoreThe Patient Protection And Affordable Care Act1272 Words   |  6 PagesThe Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act In this paper I plan to discuss an increasingly difficult topic of The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act. I will go over the basics of the act including who founded it, when, what it states as well as what its purpose is. I will also discuss the nine titles of the Affordable Care Act. I will then go over how four of the nine titles have affected how nurses provide care. I will finalize my paper by reflecting upon what I have learned from theRead MoreThe Patient Protection And Affordable Care Act858 Words   |  4 PagesComprehensive Health Reform: The Patient Protection and Affordable Care act Ken Davis February 13, 2016 PADM 550 –BO2- LUO Dr. Tory Weaver Defining the Problem The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010 (PPACA)is a highly complex and multifaceted policy in addition to being political controversial. Changes made to the law by subsequent legislation, focuses on provisions to expand coverage, control health care costs, and improve health care delivery system. Some changes requireRead MorePatient Protection And Affordable Care Act1104 Words   |  5 PagesPatient Protection and Affordable Care Act Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA) What the Act Offers The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act offers many healthcare benefits to a diverse group of American citizens. However, there are a few downsides as well. The major portions of the act deal with four primary issues: 1. Increasing the health care coverage of patients with pre-existing conditions 2. Expanding access to health care insurance to over 30 million uninsured AmericansRead MoreThe Patient Protection And Affordable Care Act1710 Words   |  7 PagesThe Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act is a highly controversial act of the United States government commonly referred to as ObamaCare. Designed to â€Å"ensure that all Americans have access to quality, affordable health care,† (Patient Protection) this bill has received a large amount of opposition for a variety of reasons, but it is also widely supported, therefore garnering it attention from interest groups. Many interest groups, including religious organizations, attempt to change laws andRead MorePatient Protection And Affordable Care Act1259 Words   |  6 Pages Maxcine Bakhshizad Mr. Todd Mod â€Å"H† Patient Protection Affordable Care Act Everest University What Is Affordable and What Isn’t? The healthcare industry in America has definitely changed over the last few decades. Our federal government has tried to mold and shape our country into a place where healthcare can be affordable for all families, not just the wealthy and those below the poverty line. The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act was created to bring about changes andRead MorePatient Protection with the Affordable Care Act1516 Words   |  6 PagesThe Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA) commonly called the Affordable Care Act (ACA) or ObamaCare is a federal statute of the United States signed by President Barack Obama on March 23rd, 2010. As the name suggests, the new health care law is made up of the Affordable Health care for America Act and the Patient Protection Act. It also includes amendment to other laws like Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act. The main purpose of this complex legislation is to provide Americans with affordableRead MoreThe Patient Protection And Affordable Care Act16 36 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Julie Pham and Serena Ellison University of Mississippi  Introduction The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA) frequently known as â€Å"The Affordable Care Act† (ACA) or â€Å"Obamacare,† is the United States decree authorized into law by President Barack Obama on March 23, 2010 (Group, 2014). The principle of the Affordable Care Act was to strengthen the quality and affordability of health insurance and decrease the uninsured tariffs by magnifying public and private insuranceRead MoreThe Patient Protection And Affordable Care Act756 Words   |  4 PagesProblem Statement It has been almost six years since the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA) was enacted. Before the ObamaCare Act many people living in the United States didn’t have health insurance. The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act include a long list of health-related provisions. Additionally, it supposed to extend coverage health insurance to many uninsured Americans (Obamacare, Web). Not all new government programs are perfect and the PPACA is no exception. Even

America Moves to the City Post-Civil War Free Essays

In the decades post-Civil War, America moved to the city. The increase in population almost doubled especially with the rush of new immigrants. We will write a custom essay sample on America Moves to the City Post-Civil War or any similar topic only for you Order Now The drift towards the city didn’t only affect America, it affected the Western world. With new industrial jobs, immigrants and Americans had opportunities for jobs, having the United States flourish. I. The new look of cities; the urban frontier. A.1870 to 1900, the American population doubled, and the population in the cities tripled. B.Cities grew up and out, with such famed architects as Louis Sullivan working on and perfecting skyscrapers (first appearing in Chicago in 1885). 1. The city grew from a small compact one that people could walk through to get around to a huge metropolis that required commuting by electric trolleys. 2. Electricity, indoor plumbing, and telephones made city life more alluring. C.Department stores like Macy’s (in New York) and Marshall†¨Field’s (in Chicago) provided urban working-class jobs and also†¨attracted urban middle-class shoppers. 1. Theodore Dreiser’s Sister Carrie told of woman’s escapades in the city, made cities dazzling and attractive. 2. The move to city produced lots of trash, because while farmers always reused everything or fed â€Å"trash† to animals, city dwellers, with their mail-order houses like Sears and Montgomery Ward, which made things cheap and easy to buy, could simply throw away the things that they didn’t like anymore. D.Criminals flourished, and impure water, uncollected garbage, unwashed bodies, and droppings made cities smelly and unsanitary. 1. Worst of all were the slums, which were crammed with people. 2. So-called â€Å"dumbbell tenements† (which gave a bit of fresh air down their airshaft) were the worst since they were dark, cramped, and had little sanitation or ventilation. E.To escape, the wealthy of the city-dwellers fled to suburbs. II. Immigration happens all over the nation. A.Until the 1880s, most of the immigrants had come from the British Isles and western Europe (Germany and Scandinavia) and were quite literate and accustomed to some type of representative government. This†¨was called the â€Å"Old Immigration.† But by the 1880s and 1890s, this shifted to the Baltic and Slavic people of southeastern Europe, who were basically the opposite, â€Å"New Immigration.† 1. Southeastern Europeans accounted for 19% of immigrants to the U.S. in 1880, early 1900s, were over 60%! III. Southern Europeans make their way to America. A.Many Europeans came to America because there was no room in Europe, nor was there much employment, since industrialization had eliminated many jobs. 1. America often praised to Europeans, people boasted of eating everyday/having freedom, much opportunity. 2. Profit-seeking Americans also perhaps exaggerated the benefits of America to Europeans, so that they could get cheap labor and more money. B.Many immigrants to America stayed for a short period of time and then returned to Europe, and even those that remained (including persecuted Jews) tried very hard to retain their own culture and customs. 1. However, the children of the immigrants sometimes rejected this Old World culture and plunged completely into American life. IV. Americans react to the new immigrants in their country. A.Federal government did little to help immigrants assimilate into American society, so immigrants were often controlled by powerful â€Å"bosses† (such as New York’s Boss Tweed) who provided jobs and shelter in return for political support at the polls. B.People like Walter Rauschenbusch and Washington Gladden began preaching the â€Å"Social Gospel,† insisting that churches tackle the burning social issues of the day. C.Among the people who were deeply dedicated to uplifting the urban masses was Jane Addams, who founded Hull House in 1889 to teach children and adults the skills and knowledge that they would need to survive and succeed in America. 1. She eventually won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1931, but her pacifism was looked down upon by groups such as the Daughters of the American Revolution, who revoked her membership. 2. Other such settlement houses like Hull House included Lillian Wald’s Henry Street Settlement in New York, which opened its doors in 1893. 3. Settlement houses became centers for women’s activism and reform, as females such as Florence Kelley fought for protection of women workers and against child labor. 4. New cities gave women opportunities to earn money and support themselves better (mostly single women, since being both a working mother and wife was frowned upon). V. Narrowing the Welcome Mat A.The â€Å"nativism† and anti-foreignism of the 1840s and 1850s came back in the 1880s, as the Germans and western Europeans looked down upon the new Slavs and Baltics, fearing that a mixing of blood would ruin the fairer Anglo-Saxon races and create inferior offspring. 1. The â€Å"native† Americans blamed immigrants for the degradation of the urban government. These new bigots had forgotten how they had been scorned when they had arrived in America a few decades before. 2. Trade unionists hated them for their willingness to work for super-low wages and for bringing in dangerous doctrines like socialism and communism into the U.S. B.Anti-foreign organizations like the American Protective Association (APA) arose to go against new immigrants, and labor leaders were quick to try to stop new immigration, immigrants were frequently used as strikebreakers. C.Finally, in 1882, Congress passed the first restrictive law against immigration, which banned paupers, criminals, and convicts from coming here. D.1885, another law was passed banning the importation of foreign workers under usually substandard contracts. E.Literacy tests for immigrants were proposed, but were resisted until they were finally passed in 1917, but the 1882 immigration law also barred the Chinese from coming (the Chinese Exclusion Act). F.Anti-immigrant climate, the Statue of Liberty arrived from France—a gift from the French to America in 1886. VI. Churches Confront the Urban Challenge A.Since churches had mostly failed to take any stands and rally†¨against the urban poverty, plight, and suffering, many people began to†¨question the ambition of the churches, and began to worry that Satan†¨was winning the battle of good and evil. 1. The emphasis on material gains worried many. B.A new generation of urban revivalists stepped in, including people like Dwight Lyman Moody, a man who proclaimed the gospel of kindness and forgiveness and adapted the old-time religion to the facts of city life. 1.Moody Bible Institute was founded in Chicago in 1889 and continued working well after his 1899 death. C.Roman Catholic and Jewish faiths were also gaining many followers with the new immigration. 1. Cardinal Gibbons was popular with Roman Catholics and Protestants, as he preached American unity. 2. 1890, Americans chose from 150 religions, including the Salvation Army, tried to help the poor. D.The Church of Christ, Scientist (Christian Science), founded by†¨Mary Baker Eddy, preached a perversion of Christianity that she claimed†¨healed sickness. 5.YMCA’s and YWCA’s also sprouted. VII. Darwin Disrupts the Churches A.1859, Charles Darwin published his On the Origin of Species, which set forth the new doctrine of evolution and attracted the ire and fury of fundamentalists. 1. â€Å"Modernists† took a step from the fundamentalists and refused to believe that the Bible was completely accurate and factual. They contended that the Bible was merely a collection of moral stories or guidelines, but not sacred scripture inspired by God. B.Colonel Robert G. Ingersoll was one who denounced creationism, as†¨he had been widely persuaded by the theory of evolution. Others blended†¨creationism and evolution to invent their own interpretations. VIII. The Lust for Learning A.New trend began in the creation of more public schools and the provision of free textbooks funded by taxpayers. 1. By 1900, there were 6,000 high schools in America; kindergartens also multiplied. B.Catholic schools also grew in popularity and in number. C.To partially help adults who couldn’t go to school, the Chautauqua movement, a successor to the lyceums, was launched in 1874. It included public lectures to many people by famous writers and extensive at-home studies. D.Americans began to develop a faith in formal education as a solution to poverty. IX. Booker T. Washington and Education for Black People A.South, war-torn and poor, lagged far behind in education, especially for Blacks, so Booker T. Washington, an ex-slave came to help. He started by heading a black normal (teacher) and industrial school in Tuskegee, Alabama, and teaching the students useful skills and trades. 1. Avoided Issue of social equality; he believed in Blacks helping themselves first before gaining more rights. B.One of Washington’s students was George Washington Carver, who later discovered hundreds of new uses for peanuts, sweet potatoes, and soybeans. C.However, W.E.B. Du Bois, the first Black to get a Ph.D. from Harvard University, demanded complete equality for Blacks and action now. He also founded the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) in 1910. 1.DuBois’s differences with Washington reflected contrasting life experiences of southern and northern Blacks. X. The Hallowed Halls of Ivy A.Colleges/universities sprouted after the Civil War, and colleges for women, such as Vassar, were gaining ground. 1. Also, colleges for both genders grew, especially in the Midwest, and Black colleges also were established, such as Howard University in Washington D.C., Atlanta University, and Hampton Institute in Virginia. B.Morrill Act of 1862 had provided a generous grant of the public lands to the states for support of education and was extended by the Hatch Act of 1887, which provided federal funds for the establishment of agricultural experiment stations in connection with the land-grant colleges. C.Private donations also went toward the establishment of colleges, including Cornell, Leland Stanford Junior, and the University of Chicago, which was funded by John D. Rockefeller. D.Johns Hopkins University maintained the nation’s first high-grade graduate school. XI. The March of the Mind A.Elective system of college was gaining popularity, took off after Dr. Charles W. Eliot became president of Harvard. B.Medical schools and science were prospering after the Civil War. 1. Discoveries by Louis Pasteur and Joseph Lister (antiseptics) improved medical science and health. 2. The brilliant but sickly William James helped establish the discipline of behavioral psychology, with his books Principles of Psychology (1890), The Will to Believe (1897), and Varieties of Religious Experience (1902). a. His greatest work was Pragmatism (1907), which preached what he believed in: pragmatism (everything has a useful purpose). XII. The Appeal of the Press A.Libraries such as the Library of Congress also opened across America, bringing literature into people’s homes. B.With the invention of the Linotype in 1885, the press more than kept pace with demand, but competition sparked a new brand of journalism called â€Å"yellow journalism,† in which newspapers reported on wild and fantastic stories that often were false or quite exaggerated: sex, scandal, and other human-interest stories. C.2 Journalists emerged: Joseph Pulitzer (New York World) William Randolph Hearst (San Francisco Examiner) Strengthening of the Associated Press, which had been established in the 1840s, helped to offset some of the questionable journalism. XIII. Apostles of Reform A.Magazines like Harper’s, the Atlantic Monthly, and Scribner’s Monthly partially satisfied the public appetite for†¨good reading, but perhaps the most influential of all was the New York Nation, launched in 1865 by Edwin L. Godkin, a merciless critic. These were all liberal, reform-minded publications. B.Another enduring journalist-author was Henry George, who wrote Progress and Poverty, which undertook to solve the association of poverty with progress. 1. It was he who came up with the idea of the graduated income tax—the more you make, the greater percent you pay in taxes. C.Edward Bellamy published Looking Backward in 1888, in which he criticized the social injustices of the day and pictured a utopian government that had nationalized big business serving the public good. XIV. Postwar Writing A.After the war, Americans devoured â€Å"dime-novels† which†¨depicted the wild West and other romantic and adventurous settings. 1. The king of dime novelists was Harland F. Halsey, who made 650 of these novels. 2. General Lewis Wallace wrote Ben Hur: A Tale of the Christ, which combated the ideas and beliefs of Darwinism and reaffirmed the traditional Christian faith. B.Horatio Alger was more popular, since his rags-to-riches books told that virtue, honesty, and industry were rewarded by success, wealth, and honor. His most notable book was titled Ragged Dick. C.Walt Whitman was one of the old writers who still remained active, publishing revisions of Leaves of Grass. D.Emily Dickinson was a famed hermit of a poet whose poems were published after her death. E.Other lesser poets included Sidney Lanier, who was oppressed by poverty and ill health. XVI. The New Morality A.Victoria Woodhull proclaimed free love, and together with her sister, Tennessee Claflin, wrote Woodhull and Claflin’s Weekly, which shocked readers with exposà ©s of affairs, etc. B.Anthony Comstock waged a lifelong war on the â€Å"immoral.† C.The â€Å"new morality† reflected sexual freedom in the increase of birth control, divorces, and frank discussion of sexual topics. XVII. Families and Women in the City A.Urban life was stressful on families, who were often separated, and everyone had to work, even children. 1. While on farms, more children meant more people to harvest and help, in the cities, more children meant more mouths to feed and a greater chance of poverty. B.1898, Charlotte Perkins Gilman published Women and Economics, a classic of feminist literature, in which she called for women to abandon their dependent status and contribute to the larger life of the community through productive involvement in the economy. 1. She also advocated day-care centers and centralized nurseries and kitchens. C.Feminists also rallied toward suffrage, forming the National American Woman Suffrage Association in 1890, an organization led by Elizabeth Cady Stanton (who’d organized the first women’s rights convention in 1848 at Seneca Falls, NY) and Susan B. Anthony. D.By 1900, a new generation of women activists were present, led by Carrie Chapman Catt, who stressed the desirability of giving women the vote if they were to continue to discharge their traditional duties as homemakers in the increasingly public world of the city. 1. The Wyoming Territory was the first to offer women unrestricted suffrage in 1869. 2. The General Federation of Women’s Clubs also encouraged women’s suffrage. E.Ida B. Wells rallied toward better treatment for Blacks as well and formed the National Association of Colored Women in 1896. XVIII. Prohibition of Alcohol and Social Progress A.Concern over the popularity (and dangers) of alcohol was also present, marked by the formation of the National Prohibition Party in 1869. 1. Other organizations like the Women’s Christian Temperance Union also rallied against alcohol, calling for a national prohibition of the beverage. a. Leaders included Frances E. Willard and Carrie A. Nation who literally wielded a hatchet and hacked up bars. 2. The Anti-Saloon League was also formed in 1893. B.American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals was formed in 1866 to discourage the mistreatment of livestock, and the American Red Cross, formed by Clara Barton, a Civil War nurse, was formed in 1881. How to cite America Moves to the City Post-Civil War, Papers

La Fiesta Brava Essay Example For Students

La Fiesta Brava Essay by1La Fiesta BravaBullfighting is a tradition, art and athletic sport combined in one. Bullfighting originated in the classical world. The first bullfights supposedly took place in Knossos, Greece, a contest of some sort is depicted in a wall painting unearthed dating from about 2000 BC. It shows male and female acrobats confronting a bull, grabbing its horns as it charges, and vaulting over its back. (Encarta) Bullfights stayed popular after the Greek era had declined, in Rome. The spectacle of bullfighting during this time period was scarcely an art form but pure sport. It was not until the Moors of North Africa conquered the Visigoths of Europe in 711 AD that bullfighting started to evolve into an art. The Moors would ride skilled horses on feast days on which they killed the bulls. During this time period, when the Moors were redefining bullfighting, there were those bullfighters that rode horses and killed the bulls but there were also those men who stood on the ground with cape s. The men that wielded the capes aided the horsemen in how the bull was positioned during the fight. These men began to draw most of the attention from the crowd due to their expertise and craftsmanship with their capes; these men eventually became the matadors of2today. With this development, a corrida de toros (the running of the bulls) began to take the shape in which it is seen today as modern bullfighting. In 1726 Francisco Romero of Ronda, Spain fit the last piece into the bullfighting puzzle when he introduced the estoque (the sword) and the:The muleta a Spanish cloak, and you can even see it being worn at times, if rain falls, by fighters off duty It is nowadays made of two thicknesses of heavy silk, the outside being blotting-paper pink and the inside generally yellow. It is very strong. (Machnad 58)The modern sport of bullfighting is strictly an art form, having evolved from its origin in ancient Greece and firmly taken its roots mostly in Spanish speaking countries. Bulls used for bullfighting are a special breed of animal and their lives and breeding reflect that fact:This Spanish fighting bull is a long way removed from the Hereford or the Jersey, or even the Texas longhorn. You can let cattle run loose on the open range for generations until they are complete ?outlaws, but they will never turn into what the3Spanish call toros bravos or fighting bulls. The reason is that the race is different. (Machnad 5)There are two races of cattle native to Spain, one domestic and the other wild. The domestic animals came over by land from Asia and were already domesticated by the Celts. The other race came by sea from Northern Africa and was being thoroughbred in ancient Egypt at that time. These latter animals were only barely domesticated and began to roam the Spanish mountainsides wild. This fighting bull is called Bos Taurus Africanus. This bull is a descendant of Bos Primigenius or the Primordial Bull. Some of these Primordial Bulls survived in herds in the German forests and were hunted by men such as Julius Caesar who said, In size they are a little less than elephants; in species, colour and shape, they are bulls. (Machnad 5) Most bulls that enter the ring with the bullfighter are at least four years old, one year older than those bulls in the slaughterhouse. In the eyes of the spectator, the last twenty minutes of the bulls life are what matters. The fighting bull lives the life of peace in nature until it is time for the fight, having the best pastures and rations of food than that of its cousins, the domesticated cow. Calves are born in the winter and suckled by the mother until just after the second summer of the calfs life. At this point the calf is separated from the mother and branded shortly thereafter. When the calves reach a certain age they are put through a rigorous bravery test. This test, called a tienta, consists of most4everything in an actual bullfight minus the banderillos and the kill. Experts determine whi ch calves will become fighting bulls by grading the animals attitude, style, speed, smoothness, nervousness or calmness, nobility and mode of going for the cloth lures, (Machnad 41) After the bull has matured he is put into a traveling box and taken to his final destination. The unboxing of the bulls is a very tense moment for all involved because the bulls may be ill tempered and be feverish with swollen feet. After this, the bulls rest and are prepared for the fight. Hamlet Essay ConflictAll of this is the art of bullfighting. Bullfighting has evolved from a raw adrenaline sport ancient Greece to a worldwide art form in modern times. There are many techniques and many traditions. The clothing and the weapons along with the respect for the animals and the courage and grace of the bullfighters. Everything has evolved, even Bos Taurus Africanus. 8Works CitedAll about Spain. Corrida de Torros. 17 April 2000. *http://www.red2000.com/spain/toros/*Bullfighting. Encarta Encyclopedia. CD-ROM. Redmond: Microsoft, 1996. Conrad, Barnaby. How to Fight a Bull. New york: Doubleday, 1968. Conrad, Stanley. Bullfighting Reference Material. 17 April 2000. *http://www.mundo-taurino.org/backgrnd.html*Hemingway, Ernest. Death in the Afternoon. New York: Scribner, 1960. Hemingway, Ernest. The Sun Also Rises. New York: Scribner, 1954. Machnad, Angus. Fighting Bulls. New York: Harcourt Brace, 1959. Michener, James A. My Lost Mexico: The Making of a Novel. Austin: State House Press, 1992. Bibliography8Works CitedAll about Spain. Corrida de Torros. 17 April 2000. Bullfighting. Encarta Encyclopedia. CD-ROM. Redmond: Microsoft, 1996. Conrad, Barnaby. How to Fight a Bull. New york: Doubleday, 1968. Conrad, Stanley. Bullfighting Reference Material. 17 April 2000. Hemingway, Ernest. Death in the Afternoon. New York: Scribner, 1960. Hemingway, Ernest. The Sun Also Rises. New York: Scribner, 1954. Machnad, Angus. Fighting Bulls. New York: Harcourt Brace, 1959. Michener, James A. My Lost Mexico: The Making of a Novel. Austin: State House Press, 1992.