An Analytical Essay Explaining Why Arthur Miller Wrote The Crucible Es

An Analytical Essay Explaining Why Arthur Miller Wrote The Crucible Authors often have underlying reasons for giving their stories certain themes or settings. Arthur Millers masterpiece, The Crucible, is a work of art inspired by actual events as a response to political and moral issues. Set in Salem, Massachusetts in 1692, The Crucible proves to have its roots in events of the 1950s and 1960s, such as the activities of the House Un-American Committee and the Red Scare. Though the play provides an accurate account of the Salem witch trials, its real achievement lies in the many important issues of Millers time that it deals with. Throughout The Crucible, Miller is concerned with conscience and guilt. Through the character Abigail Williams, he shows how people are willing to abandon their firmly-established values in order to conform with the majority and protect themselves. Those who refuse to part with their conscience, such as the character of John Proctor, are chastised for it. For this reason, the Salem witch trials raise a question of the administration of justice. During this time in the late 1600s, people were peroccupied by a fear of the devil, due to their severe Puritan belief system. Nineteen innocent people are hanged on the signature of Deputy Governor Danforth, who has the authority to try, convict, and execute anyone he deems appropriate. However, we as readers sense little to no real malice in Danworth. Rather, ignorance and fear plague him. The mass hysteria brought about by the witchcraft scare in The Crucible leads to the upheaval in peoples differentiation between right and wrong, fogging their sense of true justice. When Arthur Miller wrote The Crucible in the early 1950s, the United States was experiencing a modern witch hunt of its own. Senator Joseph McCarthy, provoked by the Cold War, became fearfully convinced that Communists, or Reds, were polluting American government. He intended to hunt them out, force them to confess, and make them name their associates, almost as the Salem judges had done. In fact, the character of Danforth is based on McCarthy himself. There is a great parallel between the witch trials and the Red Scare. Both created a frenzy among the public, involved people going against each other to prove their innocence, and sought to hunt out those who rebelled against the dominant values of the time. Arthur Millers own involvement in the McCarthy witch hunt is very significant in the writing of The Crucible. He himself appeared before the House Committee on Un-American Activities in 1956, accused of being a Communist. He admitted to having attended a Communist meeting years earlier to learn about their views. He was asked to name the others at the meeting but refused, stating, I am trying to and I will protect my sense of myself. Millers reaction to his cross-examination is similar to that of John Proctor, who represents Millers belief that righteousness is maintained if ones moral sense is kept. In Millers case, he was convicted of contempt, but the conviction was later appealed and reversed. It is evident that he wrote about McCarthyism indirectly to protect himself at the time. The witch hunt in Salem in 1692 and McCarthyism and the Red Scare in the United States in the 1950s are remarkably similar situations. The issues dealt with by Miller in documenting one of these clearly describes almost exactly the issues of the other. Miller masterfully uses the unfamiliar setting of the Salem witch hunt to comment on his own time. It is obvious in all the events represented through the writing of The Crucible that there is a common loss of judgement due to unjustified hysteria. The fact that we see this pattern repeat itself throughout history by reading this play points out that Miller recognizes this as a major concern of society. Though Arthur Miller creates parallels between controversies that occurred in very different times, it is the great universal significance of The Crucible that makes it successful. Millers concern with the shedding of guilt, the loss of morality, lack of genuine justice and the way he deals with these as a theme in the play have a stronger relevance that is striking. He also uses this theme to create a remarkable drama, but more importantly, they are issues that are applicable and crucial to him. Accordingly, The Crucible is far more than a story of the past. Rather, it is an allegory of our

Answer Questions Example

Answer Questions Example Answer Questions – Coursework Example Anthropology Observational Analysis: Option Chimpanzees just like all sets of living organisms embrace specific behaviors that help them adapt to their environments. One outstanding behavior that I have observed is their copulatory success, which is normally high and results into a substantial number of progeny. Primate behavioral ecologists have overtime reaffirmed the opinion that too many offspring routinely harm other primates within the group, for they are normally forced to search for better living conditions because of limited resources. The ecologists attribute the copulatory success of chimpanzees to the fact that they can easily access their mates given the large social groups within which they reside. Option 2 In the past, chimpanzees used to walk on four legs, while current research has pointed towards the fact that a considerable percentage of chimpanzees have begun embracing bipedalism (University of California). Researchers have attributed the need to walk on two legs to natural selection and the need to adapt, as quadrupeds burn numerous calories, hence their cells wear out and die faster while bipedalism provides chimpanzees with the platform to use their calories prudently. Point Make-up optionsQuestion 1: Primatology The submissive and dominant behavior portrayed by apes in the movie Rise of the Planet of Apes is undeniably accurate, as corroborated by research carried out by Yerkes Primate Center researchers and published by the National Academy of Sciences. The investigators argued that apes reside in complex and tightly woven societies, and use gestures to convey countless messages including for compromise and obedience. Consequently, they reaffirmed that the only way through which apes would manage to exist such amicably was by being submissive.Question 5: Biological Anthropologyi. The perpetrator in the case cannot be identified using the standard DNA tests essentially because the key suspects are identical twins, who developed from a so litary fertilized egg, hence have nearly undistinguishable genomes. ii. For the prosecutors to tell the identical twins apart, they will have to carry out the ultra-deep, which is a next generation sequencing procedure that takes closer look at the genetic base pairs. This procedure is likely to work, as it depends on mutations that take place unsystematically in the course of development and it is exceptionally improbable that both twins will go through mutations at a single location. Works-CitedUniversity of California- Davis. Why Humans Walk on Two Legs. Science Daily. Science Daily 2007, July 20. Accessible at: www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2007/07/070720111226.htm.

Strategic Management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 4

Strategic Management - Assignment Example n and put into adherence through proper and strategically managing of both resources available to the company, that which that the company already possess and taking advantage of it marketing strategy to achieve its goals and those of its shareholders. This paper focuses on strategic management of an organization, its aim and concepts, principles, key factors affecting it such as external, internal and industrial environments. It also describes strategic formulation. Strategic management is the art of making decisions for an organization or company, taking into consideration the competitive market in which the organization finds itself and other factors affecting it in regards to achieving the organizations goals and objectives with the best interest in creating a profitable environment for both the company and its shareholders (Dess, 2005). Strategic management is all about analyses, making choices and seeing that those choices are implemented. Strategies are meant to give the organization or company a focus, direction in which to channel its efforts as per the environment it finds itself in and define major characteristics of the company’s goals. After this analysis, the management group needs to make appropriate decisions, on how to find their place in the market by making great and applicable marketing strategies as to help them gain and a substantial amount of clients, while attracting more for their goods and services in this market regardless of the external competition they face making sure that their ideas of marketing or goods production are not able to be copied by other competitive partners in the market. This means that the company ought to try do everything differently from their competitors in terms of decision making especially due to the constant market competition that they face as this will help them sustain themselves in the market for long as their ideas cannot be copied (Irene M. Duhaime, 2012). After a choice of decisions has been made,

Case Study Computers R Us Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Case Study Computers R Us - Assignment Example In regard to the initiatives set up by the company to boost satisfaction levels of the customers, loyalty rewards came out as the best initiative so far with an average satisfaction level of 5.6452 out of 10 it was followed by the response time at 4.3714, both level of advice and communication level stood at below 4 out of 10. There was however no any association between age groups and the overall satisfaction level. The study could have been limited by the fact that the questionnaires were emailed and there was no direct contact between the researcher and the respondents to verify their answers. Computers R Us, a computer manufacturer and retailer recently launched a service and repair division, CompleteCare, for its portable/laptop/notebook computers. This division promised to provide a rapid response to customer’s technical enquiries and warranty repairs. As a result of this, Computers R Us has been receiving multiple complaints about CompleteCare at the Computers R Us call centre. To address these issues, a study was proposed and the research overseen by the management of Computers R Us. It was found that customer satisfaction was a contributing factor to the issues experienced in the CompleteCare division. Consequently, the management of Computer R Us developed several possible initiatives to improve customer satisfaction to a minimum level of 6 out of 10 To collect this data, a simple random sample of 500 customers was selected from a sampling frame. A sampling frame includes the actual list of individuals included in the population (Nesbary, 2000). Of the 500 customers that were sent surveys, 420 responded. The response rate was computed as follows; Structured questionnaire constructed in English language was used to collect data with a total of eight items six of which touched on customer satisfaction. The questionnaire consisted of four sections: Five ethical concerns as outlined by Crowhurst and Dobson (1993) were

Problem solution report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Problem solution report - Essay Example the risk reward ratio is very high and the results are guided by the factors such as ideas, innovative experiments, freedom of thinking, rate of success, pressure for delivery, unexpected breakdowns in the processes, chances of failures, opportunities to learn new techniques, etc. Therefore, identification of the problem, analysis of the strengths and weaknesses of the organization (here it is the team), providing facilities to achieve the objectives, maintaining communications at all levels, lateral as well as vertical, etc. are very important in this regard. When the above fundamental factors are put in place, motivation, decision making within the frame work, accountability of the members of the team and above all motivation to the team members would yield excellent results considering the potentials of the employees with sound and balanced background in the field. The Australian company Morning Drops Company (MDC) faces similar problems faced by the multinational companies, such as IBM, Xerox, etc., the converging points of different cultures. If we could concentrate on the relevant points without going deeper into the cultural differences, a common platform for the people belonging to various cultures would emerge. It is in this direction the problem should be approached for efficient resolution. According to Hofstede model, there are ‘five dimensions to national cultures: Power Distance, Uncertainty Avoidance, Individualism, Masculinity and Long Term Orientation†¦ The new factors revealed common problems with which IBM employees in all these societies had to cope, but for which their upbringing in their country presented its own profile of solutions. These problems were: (4) The balance between ego values (like the need for money and careers) and social values (like cooperation and a good living environment). The former were more frequently chosen by men, the latter by women, but there were also country differences.’ (Hofstede, G, 2009). Having

Definition of management

Definition of management Executive summary The constitution of the people in an organization which includes planning, organizing, leading, motivating and controlling at all levels of the management. An introduction to a variety of tools, idea and system that are used to analyze and understand the inside and outside of business environment of a firm. Management In the simple term refers to making things done by others. History The word manage come from the Italian word maneggiare which means (to handle -especially a horse), which in turn derives from the Latin word manus (hand). Later on the French word mesnagement (later menagement) influenced the development in meaning of the English word management in the 17th and 18th centuries. (www.answers.com) (www.encyclopedia.com) FINDINGS:- Definition of management:- â€Å"The conventional definition of management is getting work done through people, but real management is developing people through work† By ‘Agha Hasan Abedi Management is defining both science and art but thats not so important, what important is? Management is a method that is used to achieve organizational objective; that is, a method that is used to attain what a firm wants to achieve. A business can be in any field or entity or any group in which people come together to perform their respective task. Managers are the person to whom this task is given. And thus the managers achieve these goals through the key function like (1) planning, (2) organizing, (3) directing, and (4) controlling. Some of them also include leading as a managing role, but leading is a part of directing. Planning: Planning could include setting of organizational aims and goals. This are usually done by the higher management of the organization and as the part of business objective, then the manager build up the same strategies for attaining the goals of the organization. Organizing: Organizing refers to the technique in which the organization distributes it resources, assigns their respective duties, and goes about achieving its goals. It is shown by an organizational chart; with the three main levels starting with top level (ceo) followed by the middle level (managers and executive) and at last the lower level (workers and labor). Directing: Directing is the process which would everyone relate to supervision. It is supervising, or leading workers to achieve the objective of the business. In many organizations, directing involves making coursework, supporting workers to carry out the coursework, interpreting organizational guidelines, and notifying workers to how well they are acting towards the respective goal. To successfully carry out this task, managers must have leadership ability in order to get workers to execute the work effectively. Controlling:- controlling is a function which involves the valuation of activities that the manager should carry out. It is a procedure of shaping the organization goals and objectives to be met. The process also includes correcting the business conditions for which the purpose and objectives are not meeting. There are many more other activities which are a part of controlling process. Managers must know and set some standards of appraisal for workers. PESTEL Analysis Political factor:- Political issues include government guidelines and legal issues and define both formal and informal rules under which the firm must function. Some examples of political factor include: tax policy employment laws trade constraint and tariffs political permanence Economical factor:- Economic factors affect the purchasing power of potential customers and the firm ´s cost of capital. The Economic condition is influenced by the political and government guiding principle, being a major influence affecting government assessments. The following are examples of factors in the macro economy: Economic growth Interest rates Exchange rates Inflation rates Social factor:- The Social factors comprises of the demographic and cultural phase of the external macro environment. These factors affect customer wants and the size of potential markets. Some social factors include: health consciousness population growth rate age distribution career attitudes emphasis on safety Technological factor:- Technological factors are those factors that can lower barriers to enter markets, reduce minimum efficient productivity levels, and influence the outsourcing decisions. Some technological factors include: RD process automation activity technology incentives rate of technological transform Legal factor:- These are allied to the legal obligation in which company operates. In latest days in UK there have been many considerable legal changes that have affected firms behavior. The introduction of age discrimination and disability legislation, the increase in the minimum wage and greater supplies for firms to recycle are illustration of relatively recent laws that affect an organization. Legal changes can affect a firms costs for example:- Future legislation European/international legislation Regulatory bodies and processes Employment law Consumer protection Environmentalfactor: Environmental factors include the weather conditions and climatic changes that take place. Changes in temperature can blow on many industries including farming, tourism and insurance. There is a major climate change taking place because of global warming and with greater environmental alertness this factor is becoming a major issue for firms to reflect on. Examples:- Ecological Environmental issues Environmental regulations Stakeholder/ investor values Organization structure and its design Organizational design is the process by which managers select and manage various elements and working of organizational structure and culture so that an organization can achieve its objective. Organizational structure is the formal system of work and reporting relationships that controls, co-ordinates, lead and motivates employees so that they work together to achieve an organizations goal. As a manager one should create an organizational structure and culture such that: Which Encourages employees to work hard and encourage them towards their work attitudes. Allows the employee and all the middle n lower level groups to cooperate and work together effectively. Structure and culture affect: Behavior Motivation Performance Teamwork and cooperation Intergroup and Interdepartmental relationships. Hongkong and shanghai banking corporation limited. The HSBC Group has an international history which is unique. Many of its most important companies opened for big business over a century ago and they have a history which is rich in diversity and success. The HSBC Group is named after its founding member and the founder of it was Sir Thomas Sutherland, The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited and a public limited company, which was established in year 1865 to finance the growing trade between China and Europe. It was started as it headquarters in hongkong and than until 1992 hongkong served as a world headquarter when it was forced to move to London as a condition of completing the acquisition of midland bank. As a public limited company hsbc is listed on different stock exchanges of the world like London, hongkong, Paris, India, Bermuda constituent of the FTSE 100 Index and the Hang Seng Index. (www.HSBC.co.uk/history) INFORMATION SYSTEMS IN USE AT HSBC FOR THE TRADING PORTAL HSBC was a founder member of the ‘FXall software, the leading multi-bank FX trading portal. With increasing competition in electronic FX trading, HSBC wanted to be the first bank to introduce the new QuickFill functionality software. QuickFill enables customers to execute trades based on streaming Prices i.e. using configurable deal sizes for different currency pairs as opposed to a request for quote (RFQ) system where a deal is executed against the best available quote in the market. QuickFill allows customers to see a price and simply â€Å"hit† it. The system provides a 24/7 operation base with rates being managed globally from a range of HSBC financial centres. This software enhances functionality to enable streaming prices, rapid implementation within an infinite timeframe, and transfer of required details over multiple levels and minimized the risk by strict project planning. Structural and contextual dimensions of HSBC Structural dimensions: Centralization:- This means the extent to which functions are dispersed in the company, either in the terms of integration with other functions and geographically. Since HSBC is a worldwide banking corporation all functions are dispersed into different departments under different heads. In such conditions centralization is not possible and so the entire organization functions are de-centralized so as to make the functioning easier and smoother. Formalization:- This concept is regarding to the extent of policies and procedures in any organization. HSBC being a highly accredited name all over the world, it is very important for the management to upkeep its name and standard in the world wide market place and so for this reason it is essential that formalization levels in the company be very high. This company deals with high profile clients and so every employee must be aware of all the rules and regulations of the company so as to avoid reduction of reputation in the eyes of the customers. Hierarchy:- This concept is regarding the extent and configuration of levels in the structure of the organization. Hierarchy of a bank at the stature of HSBC is very complicated as it involves both a flat as well as tall structure hierarchy and level of management. Basically, the bank tries to follow a flat structure and has decentralized all its departments so as to increase efficiency and productivity of the organization. Specialization:- Specialization refers to the extent at which activities are refined in the organization. Like any other multi-national corporation even HSBC has a high amount of specialized employees working under different departments from different fields and educational backgrounds. The company advocates a policy of well defined tasks and roles for each employee so as to avoid overlapping job portfolios. Training:- Training is the extent at which activities to equip organizational members with knowledge and skills are carried out, about their roles. Before an employee can be sent onto the floor to handle customers each employee has to undergo various trainings so as to be fully equipped with complete knowledge over all the queries that a customer might have. This training is highly professionalized so that no errors are made on the side of the employee who would result in the loss of a potential or existing customer. As this is in the banking sector low professional training standards are not advised and harmful for the company. Contextual Dimensions: Culture:- The values and the beliefs shared by all employees in the organization should be maintained in decorum. Culture is often explained by examining the norms and behaviors of employees in the workplace. HSBC has a multilingual culture where persons from all over the world come together and work in a single workplace as a team. So, its said that ‘HSBC- THE WORLDS LOCAL BANK. Environment:- Environment refers to the nature of external influences and activities in the political, social, technical, and economic areas of business. A stable environment is very essential for any business to survive and function smoothly in a way as per norms written down in the memorandum of association. Being a world wide bank it is very difficult to say that HSBC has a stable environment as it might have a stable environment in one of its branches but that is not the same with each and every one of its franchised branches. Goals:- The unique overall priority and preferred end-states of the organization is known as its goal. The goal of the bank is â€Å"To be the Bonding Company that guarantees continuance in the market to satisfy appropriately and professionally the bonding needs of our obligors and the assurance of timely fulfillment of our bond to our beneficiaries† (www.hsbc.co.uk). Size:- The number of people and resources in the organization and their span of control in the organization. HSBC is a highly resourceful bank and has the most number of employees in comparison to any other bank. Basically, we can say that HSBC is a large multinational corporation with around 8500 offices over 119 countries which consist of more than 1 million employees and workers. Technology:- The unique activity needed to reach organizational goals, including nature of activities, specialization, type of equipment/facilities needed, etc. HSBC provides their customers with both products as well as services. The main technologies includes computer softwares and banking instruments which have made modern life un-livable without. SWOT ANALYSIS â€Å"Situation analysis in which internal strengths and weaknesses of an organization, and external opportunities and threats faced by it are closely examined to chart a strategy.† (www.businessdictionary.com) STRENGHTS:- Competitive market and brand name. High standard regulatory environment Flexible work permit system and good quality staff offering personal client service WEAKNESSES:- Tough competitors Retail and staff affluent customer proposition Lack of legitimate access to all markets Rigid laws that prohibit development OPPORTUNITIES:- Brand expansion Unified trade body to lead finance sector program change Active and aggressive targeting of private and corporate clients Co-ordinate business relationships thus investing in the ecosystem THREATS:- Changing scenario which makes investors hard to invest. Outsourcing to cheaper jurisdictions Downsizing and reduction in banking operations Regulations in foreign trade capital markets Impact on the service sector ecosystem Conclusion Service sector management is an important factor for any business organization and with the rapid growth of these sector people are keener to develop the habit of providing services with all the necessary means available to them. Due to high competition in the service market people are scared to invest in banking sector, hsbc have always arrived up with various schemes to hold the interest of its customers. As mentioned: High competition in the banking sector, hsbc has to increase the confidence in the mind of their customer about the reliability and security of their investment compared to other banking service provider. Best service compared to the other providers. Hsbc should be more concentrative in after sales service, There is opportunity but no security; it should emphasis more on service than any other thing. Hsbc should give some more sound strategies to trap more customers giving more comparison with other investment center. Due to uncertainty of market hsbcs security investment are subject to market risk and there is no guarantee that the objective be will achieved. The growth of retail financial services sector has been a key to the development on the market front. Both the public and the private bank will not only keen to tap the domestic but also to hold the international market of financial services. Now foreign banks will be more likely to gain foothold in prospective global market. Therefore the future will belong to them who develop good and strong service strategies, internal controls cost effective services and instruments and innovating new evolution in the SERVICE SECTOR market.

The Death Penalty and Race Essay -- Capital Punishment Essays

The Death Penalty and Race To look closely at many of the mechanisms in American society is to observe the contradiction between constitutional equality and equality in practice. Several of these contradictions exist in the realm of racial equality. For example, Black s often get dealt an unfair hand in the criminal justice system. In The Real War on Crime, Steven Donziger explains, There are so many more African-Americans than whites in our prisons that the difference cannot be explained by higher crime among African- Americans - racial discrimination is also at work, and it penalizes African- Americans at almost every juncture in the criminal justice system.1 This paper focuses in on one of those "junctures" - the death penalty. The racial disparities that Donziger finds in the prisons can also be found in death row. To be exact, African-Americans are 12% of the US population, but they make up 40% of the death row population.2 I, like Donziger, believe something more is at work; and in the tradition of Ture and Hamilton, I believe that this something works in covert ways. It would almost be better if we could place the blame on blatant racial discrimination. But the death penalty does not serve the explicit purpose of oppressing Blacks. Racism persists, but it has taken on more implicit, more subtle, and arguably more harmful forms. The death penalty is a timely lens through which to observe the covert racism that operates in institutional settings. This topic can be overwhelming, and this paper is in no way comprehensive. Rather, it is an opportunity to string together some soci ological and legal concepts with personal analysis in the d esire to demonstrate that the death penalty and the institutions surrounding... ...ziger, 100. 13 Chambliss, 250. 14 Chambliss, 248. 15 Donziger, 127. 16 Donziger, 109. 17 Donziger, 110. 18 Campaign to End the Death Penalty (pamphlet). 19 Leon Higgenbotham, Shades of Freedom (Oxford University Press, 1996) xxv-xxvi. 20 Donziger, 109. 21 David C. Baldus, et al, "Comparative Review of Death Sentences: An Empirical Study of the Georgia Experience," The Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology 74 (1983): 663-664. 22 Baldus, 664. 23 Donziger, 109. 24 U.S. General Accounting Office, "Death Penalty Sentencing: Research Indicates Patterns of Racial Disparities," The Death Penalty in America, 271. 25 Hugo Adams Bedau, The Death Penalty in America: Current Controversies (New York: Oxford University Press, 1997) 250. 26 Donziger, 113. 27 Ellsworth, 90. 28 Ellsworth, 92. 29 Chambliss, 243. 30 Ellsworth, 92.